In the agricultural and food industry, determining the chemical composition of raw materials is important for production efficiency, application, and price. Traditional laboratory testing is ...

Accurate origin classification of chili powder is essential for consumer trust and regulatory compliance. In this study, combined near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemical composition analysis ...

Smokeless powder is the primary propellant in civilian and military ammunition, and in China, the use of propellants to make homemade ammunition and bombs is an emerging criminal practice. The ...