Maternal nutritional programming by caloric exposure during pregnancy and lactation results in long-term behavioral modification in the offspring. Here, we characterized the effect of maternal caloric ...

Optogenetics refers to the expression of light-sensitive proteins in defined cell populations, allowing the use of light to manipulate cellular physiology. Optogenetic tools have opened up entirely ...

When neuroscientists analyzed the exact properties of nerve connections in the brain, they made a startling observation: At a key connection, or synapse, messages are sent against the usual stream of ...

To satisfy the incessant energy demands of their thousands of synapses, neurons have to have enormous supplies of ATP at the ready. Where does this seemingly bottomless well of energy come from? It’s ...